Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They are composed of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary greatly in size—from small, undetectable nodules to large masses that can distort the uterus. Fibroids are most commonly found in women during their reproductive years, especially between the ages of 30 and 50. While the exact cause is unknown, their growth is believed to be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone.

Many women with fibroids experience no symptoms at all and may discover them incidentally during a pelvic exam or ultrasound. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, difficulty emptying the bladder, constipation, and back or leg pain. In some cases, fibroids can cause infertility, pregnancy complications, or recurrent miscarriages. The location, size, and number of fibroids play a major role in the type and severity of symptoms.

Management of uterine fibroids depends on the symptoms, size, and reproductive goals of the patient. Treatment options range from watchful waiting in asymptomatic cases to medications that shrink the fibroids or control symptoms. Hormonal therapies like GnRH agonists can temporarily reduce fibroid size. For women with significant symptoms, procedures such as uterine artery embolization, myomectomy (removal of fibroids), or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be recommended. Minimally invasive techniques have improved recovery times for surgical options. Regular monitoring and early medical intervention can help manage fibroids effectively and maintain quality of life, especially for women who wish to preserve fertility.