Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen levels (male hormones), and the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries. The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation are also closely linked to the development and worsening of PCOS.

Women with PCOS may experience a range of symptoms including missed or infrequent periods, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, weight gain, thinning hair, and difficulty conceiving. The hormonal imbalance associated with PCOS can interfere with ovulation, making it a leading cause of infertility. In addition, women with PCOS are at higher risk for long-term health issues such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and endometrial cancer if the condition is not properly managed.

Treatment for PCOS focuses on managing individual symptoms and preventing complications. Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, a healthy diet, and regular exercise can significantly improve symptoms and restore hormonal balance. Medications like hormonal contraceptives help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen levels, while fertility drugs may be prescribed to stimulate ovulation in women trying to conceive. In some cases, insulin-sensitizing agents like metformin are used to address insulin resistance. With early diagnosis, proper medical support, and consistent lifestyle changes, women with PCOS can effectively manage their symptoms and maintain a healthy quality of life.