Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a serious and often silent disease that begins in the ovaries, the female reproductive glands that produce eggs and hormones. It is commonly referred to as a “silent killer” because its symptoms often go unnoticed until the cancer has advanced. The exact cause of ovarian cancer is not fully understood, but certain risk factors such as family history, age, genetic mutations (like BRCA1 and BRCA2), and hormonal factors can increase the likelihood of developing the condition. Women over the age of 50 are at greater risk, although it can occur at any age.

The symptoms of ovarian cancer are often vague and easily mistaken for common gastrointestinal or urinary conditions. These may include bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, difficulty eating, feeling full quickly, frequent urination, or changes in bowel habits. Because these signs can be subtle, the disease is often diagnosed at a late stage when it has already spread beyond the ovaries. Diagnostic methods include pelvic examinations, transvaginal ultrasounds, and blood tests such as CA-125, which may indicate the presence of cancer, followed by imaging studies or biopsies for confirmation.

Treatment for ovarian cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer but generally includes a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Surgical removal of one or both ovaries, the uterus, and surrounding tissues is often necessary. In cases of early detection, treatment can be more effective and prognosis more favorable. However, advanced-stage ovarian cancer may require more intensive therapy and ongoing monitoring. Advances in personalized medicine, targeted therapies, and improved diagnostic techniques are contributing to better outcomes and survival rates. Regular gynecological checkups and awareness of personal risk factors play a key role in early detection and prevention.