Infertility

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse. It can affect both men and women and may stem from a variety of factors including hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities, lifestyle factors, or underlying health conditions. In women, common causes include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, blocked fallopian tubes, ovulation disorders, or age-related decline in egg quality. In men, infertility is often linked to low sperm count, poor motility, or abnormal sperm morphology. Sometimes, both partners may contribute to infertility, or no clear cause is identified, known as unexplained infertility.

Diagnosis of infertility involves a series of comprehensive tests and evaluations for both partners. For women, assessments include ovulation tracking, hormonal blood tests, pelvic ultrasound, and hysterosalpingography (HSG) to check for tubal blockages. Men undergo semen analysis to assess sperm health. Depending on the findings, further specialized testing such as laparoscopy or genetic evaluations may be recommended. Timely diagnosis is critical, especially for women over 35, where fertility naturally begins to decline. Emotional and psychological support is also a key part of the diagnostic journey, as infertility can be emotionally challenging for couples.

Advancements in reproductive medicine have made a wide range of fertility treatments available, from ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination (IUI) to more complex options like in-vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), egg and sperm donation, and fertility-preserving surgeries. Treatment plans are tailored based on the root cause, age, duration of infertility, and personal preferences. Lifestyle changes, including weight management, stress reduction, and cessation of smoking and alcohol, can also improve fertility outcomes. With the right medical support and a holistic approach, many couples struggling with infertility can achieve their dream of starting a family.