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Uterine Prolapse: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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What is Uterine Prolapse?

Uterine prolapse happens when the uterus drops down into the vagina. This condition occurs because the pelvic floor muscles and tissues become weak. As a result, they cannot support the uterus as they should. Uterine prolapse is a common women’s health issue, especially after childbirth or menopause. It is a type of pelvic organ prolapse. Many women may feel embarrassed to talk about it, but it is important to know help is available.

Symptoms of Uterine Prolapse

Often, symptoms of uterine prolapse can be mild at first. However, they may get worse over time. Early signs are easy to miss, so knowing what to look for is helpful. Common symptoms include:

  • A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvis
  • A bulge or lump in the vagina
  • Lower back pain
  • Problems with urination, such as leaking or trouble starting
  • Difficulty with bowel movements
  • Discomfort during sex
  • Feeling like something is “falling out” of the vagina

    • Sometimes, symptoms are worse after standing for a long time or lifting heavy objects. If you notice any of these signs, it is wise to speak with your doctor.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Several things can cause uterine prolapse. Most often, it happens when the pelvic floor muscles are stretched or weakened. The main causes and risk factors include:

  • Vaginal childbirth, especially multiple or difficult deliveries
  • Aging and menopause, which lower estrogen levels
  • Obesity, which puts extra pressure on the pelvic organs
  • Chronic coughing or straining, such as from constipation
  • Heavy lifting over time
  • Family history of pelvic organ prolapse
  • Previous pelvic surgery

    • Although anyone can develop uterine prolapse, these factors make it more likely. Knowing your risks can help you take steps to protect your pelvic floor health.

    Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation

    Doctors diagnose uterine prolapse with a simple pelvic exam. During the exam, your doctor will check how far the uterus has moved. Sometimes, they may ask you to bear down as if having a bowel movement. This helps show how much the uterus drops. In some cases, your doctor may use special tools or imaging tests to see the pelvic organs better. Early diagnosis is important because it can help prevent the problem from getting worse. If you have symptoms, do not wait to get checked.

    Treatment Options

    Treatment for uterine prolapse depends on how severe it is and your overall health. There are both non-surgical and surgical options. Your doctor will help you choose the best plan for you.

    Non-Surgical Treatments

  • Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels): These strengthen the muscles that support the uterus.
  • Pessary device: A soft, removable device placed in the vagina to hold the uterus in place.
  • Lifestyle changes: Losing weight, treating chronic cough, and avoiding heavy lifting can help.
  • Hormone therapy: Sometimes used after menopause to improve tissue strength.

    • Surgical Treatments

  • Uterine suspension: Surgery to lift and support the uterus using your own tissues or mesh.
  • Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus, usually for severe cases or if other treatments do not work.

    • Most women can manage mild prolapse with non-surgical methods. However, surgery may be needed if symptoms are severe or affect daily life.

    Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

    While you cannot always prevent uterine prolapse, some steps can lower your risk. Try these tips to keep your pelvic floor strong:

  • Do pelvic floor exercises regularly
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Avoid heavy lifting when possible
  • Treat constipation and avoid straining during bowel movements
  • Quit smoking to reduce chronic cough
  • See your doctor for regular women’s health checkups

    • Even small changes can make a big difference in your pelvic organ support and overall health.

    When to See a Doctor

    If you notice symptoms of uterine prolapse, do not ignore them. Early treatment can prevent the problem from getting worse. See your doctor if you have:

  • A bulge or pressure in your vagina
  • Problems with urination or bowel movements
  • Pain or discomfort during sex
  • Any new or worsening pelvic symptoms

    • Remember, uterine prolapse is common and treatable. You are not alone, and help is available.

    Consult Dr. Ankita Ghatak for personalized advice and early intervention if you notice symptoms of uterine prolapse.