Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, typically between the 24th and 28th weeks, when hormonal changes interfere with the body’s ability to use insulin effectively. This leads to elevated blood glucose levels, which can affect both the mother and the developing baby. Unlike other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes usually resolves after delivery, but it requires careful monitoring during pregnancy to prevent complications. Risk factors include a family history of diabetes, overweight or obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), advanced maternal age, or a history of gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy.

Most women with gestational diabetes do not experience noticeable symptoms, which is why routine screening during pregnancy is essential. The condition is diagnosed through glucose tolerance testing. If left unmanaged, gestational diabetes can lead to complications such as high birth weight, preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, cesarean delivery, or low blood sugar in the newborn. Additionally, both mother and child may have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Early detection and a structured management plan are crucial to ensuring a healthy pregnancy outcome.

Management of gestational diabetes typically involves dietary modifications, regular physical activity, frequent blood sugar monitoring, and in some cases, insulin therapy. A balanced diet with controlled carbohydrate intake helps maintain stable blood sugar levels. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and supports better glucose control. Women are closely monitored throughout their pregnancy to track fetal development and maternal health. With proper medical guidance, most women with gestational diabetes go on to have healthy pregnancies and babies. After delivery, blood sugar levels are re-evaluated, and long-term lifestyle changes are encouraged to reduce future health risks.