Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is usually caused by sexually transmitted bacteria, such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which travel upward from the vagina and cervix. If left untreated, PID can lead to serious complications, including chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term reproductive damage.

The symptoms of PID can vary from mild to severe and may include lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, painful intercourse, irregular menstrual bleeding, and discomfort during urination. Some women may have no noticeable symptoms, making regular screenings for sexually transmitted infections important, especially for sexually active individuals under 25 or those with multiple partners.

Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic examination, laboratory tests for infection, and imaging studies such as ultrasound. In some cases, laparoscopy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment usually includes a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics to eliminate the infection. Hospitalization may be required in severe cases or if there is no response to oral medications. Prompt treatment not only helps relieve symptoms but also protects against permanent damage to the reproductive organs. Practicing safe sex, regular STI screening, and early treatment of infections are essential steps in preventing PID.